1. Market overview of automatic loading machines for bagged cement

Automatic loading machines for bagged cement are equipment specially used to automatically stack cement on trucks, and are widely used in cement plants, logistics centers and construction materials projects. With the rapid development of the global construction industry, the demand for efficient and standardized loading equipment continues to grow. A variety of automatic loading machines have been added to the market to meet the production needs of different companies.

2. Market status of automatic loading machines for bagged cement

At present, there are many varieties of automatic loading machines for bagged cement on the global market, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Degree of automation: Some equipment are equipped with advanced automatic control systems, which can achieve efficient palletizing, accurate loading, and reduce manual intervention.

Loading efficiency: Different equipment has differences in pipeline speed, palletizing capacity and stability, which directly affects the logistics efficiency of enterprises.

Durability and maintenance cost: The material, manufacturing process and maintenance convenience of the equipment determine its long-term use cost.

Energy saving and environmental protection: With the strict requirements of environmental protection regulations, low-noise, low-noise and dust-free operation loading machines have become an industry trend.

Customization capability: We can provide a variety of loading methods, pipeline modes and intelligent management solutions according to the production needs of different enterprises.

3. The unique advantages of our Gachn Group's automatic loading machine for bagged cement

In the fierce market competition, our automatic loading machine for bagged cement has shown outstanding advantages in the following aspects:

3.1 Efficient automation to improve loading efficiency

The intelligent control system can realize the automation of the entire process of automatic bag sorting, handling, palletizing and loading.

High-speed pipeline and palletizing system ensures accurate stacking and improves truck loading rate.

Intelligent optimization path algorithm improves operation efficiency and reduces operating system.

3.2 Stable and durable equipment, reducing maintenance costs

The use of high-strength aluminum alloy and wear-resistant parts ensures the stability of long-term operation of the equipment.

Careful design, maintenance and replacement of parts to reduce long-term operating costs.

Through the intelligent monitoring system, the equipment status is detected in real time and faults are warned in advance.

3.3 Energy saving and environmental protection, in line with international standards

Energy-saving drive system optimizes power consumption and reduces operating costs.

Low noise design reduces the impact on the factory and surrounding environment.

Dust-free operation, reducing cement pollution and improving the quality of the working environment.

3.4 Flexible customization to meet different needs

The stacking method (cross stacking, parallel stacking, etc.) can be customized according to different customer needs to ensure the best loading effect.

Compatible with cement bags of different specifications, suitable for cement products of different packaging sizes.

Remote control and intelligent management system, support remote monitoring and data analysis, optimize the loading process.

4. Conclusion

In the global bagged cement automatic loading machine market, various types of equipment are competing fiercely in terms of packaging, loading efficiency, high durability and environmental protection performance. Our Gachn Group's automatic loading machine has the advantages of high automation, high efficiency, durability, energy saving and environmental protection, and can provide customized services to meet the needs of different companies.

If you are looking for an efficient, intelligent, environmentally friendly and low-maintenance bagged cement automatic loading machine, (GACHN JEENAR) Gachn Group's equipment is undoubtedly your best choice. Welcome to consult and learn more about the product details!

In the modern cement production and packaging process, improving packaging efficiency, reducing labor costs, and improving packaging accuracy are the core issues that enterprises are concerned about. The application of **cement valve bag inserting machine (bag feeding machine)** is to solve the problems of low efficiency, high operation and high labor intensity in the traditional manual bag insertion method. Today, we will explore in depth the working principle, advantages and characteristics of the equipment and its subsequent impact on the cement packaging industry.

1. What is a cement valve bag inserting machine?

The cement valve bag inserting machine is an automated auxiliary packaging equipment used to automatically insert the valve bag accurately into the discharge port of the machine during the cement packaging process. It is usually used in conjunction with cement bag loading machines (such as turntable or single-mouth packaging machines) to replace efficient manual bag insertion and achieve automatic and accurate bag delivery.

2. Working principle of the bag inserting machine

Bag taking: The equipment takes out a valve bag from the bag library through a robotic arm or a vacuum suction cup.

Positioning: Through sensor detection and adjustment, the valve bag is accurately positioned at the discharge port of the packaging machine.

Bag insertion: The bag insertion mechanism delivers the bag stably into the designated mouth to ensure good sealing and avoid overflow.

Release and return: After confirming that the bag is fixed, send the bag to the bag mechanism and return to the initial position to prepare for the next operation.

The whole process is completed automatically, greatly reducing manual intervention, improving packaging continuity and production efficiency.

3. The core advantages of the bag insertion machine

1）. Improve production efficiency

The equipment can complete the bag insertion operation in a very short time, with a speed of 600-2400 bags/hour, which is much higher than the efficiency of manual operation.

Continuous automated operation, waiting is required, and the production capacity of the overall packaging line is improved.

2）. Reduce labor costs and labor intensity

Traditional manual bag insertion is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also requires multi-person collaboration, while the automatic bag insertion machine can completely replace manual labor and improve personnel utilization.

Reduce the risk of occupational diseases caused by long-term and high-intensity labor, such as lumbar strain, inhalation, etc.

3）. Improve the accuracy of bag insertion and reduce inventory waste

Adopt intelligent visual positioning and precision manipulators to ensure that each bag is inserted accurately to avoid problems such as biased insertion and bag drop.

Precise bag insertion reduces material loss caused by leakage, improves the cleanliness of the workshop, and meets environmental protection requirements.

4）. Strong compatibility, adaptable to valve sockets of different specifications

Applicable to pocket valves of different materials and specifications (such as 25kg, 50kg).

Compatible with different types of cement packaging machines (such as rotary, vertical, double-mouth brother mouth packaging machines).

5）. Easy to maintain and long service life

Made of high-strength materials, wear-resistant, and adaptable to Jordanian working conditions.

Simple structure, easy maintenance, key components such as pneumatic system, PLC control system, etc. are all well-known brands, stable and reliable operation.

4. Application field

Valve bag inserter widely evaluates the packaging of powdered materials such as cement, building materials, dry mortar, lime powder, bentonite, etc. Especially in large cement plants and automated packaging production lines, the bag inserter has become a key equipment to improve packaging efficiency and reduce operating costs.

In addition, it evaluates industries such as fly ash, mineral powder, refractory materials, chemical powder, etc., and only needs to adjust parameters to adapt to the packaging needs of different storage.

5. How to choose a suitable cement valve bag inserting machine?

According to production capacity requirements: Different equipment has different bag insertion speeds, and the appropriate equipment needs to be selected according to the packaging capacity of the production line.

Compatibility: Ensure that the bag inserting machine can be equipped with existing cement valve packaging machines and bags of various specifications.

Brand and after-sales service: Choose a manufacturer with mature technology and perfect after-sales service to ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

Environmental attractiveness: The equipment should be able to adapt to the production environment with growth and temperature and humidity changes.

6. Summary

The application of cement valve bag inserting machine not only improves the automation of cement packaging, but also effectively reduces production costs and improves product packaging quality. For cement companies that want to improve production efficiency, reduce manual dependence, and improve the factory environment, the automated bag inserting machine is undoubtedly a worthy investment.

If your company is looking for an efficient, accurate and durable bag inserting machine, please contact us, we will provide you with professional solutions!

Contact us- Gachn Group ( GACHN JEENAR ) to start your new era of customized packaging!

Introduction

In the packaging industry for fertilizers, chemical raw materials, grains, and other sectors, PP woven bottom valve bags have become the preferred choice for bulk powder and granular material packaging due to their excellent load-bearing capacity, stacking stability, and convenient filling features. The specialized equipment for producing these bags—the PP woven bottom valve bag making machine—represents a significant technological innovation in modern packaging machinery. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of this professional bag-making equipment, covering its technical features, market applications, and development trends.

1. Overview of PP Woven Bottom Valve Bag Making Machine

The PP woven bottom valve bag making machine is a fully automated device specifically designed for producing polypropylene (PP) woven bottom valve bags. Its key features include:

Specialized bag production: Designed for bottom valve bags, capable of producing standard packaging bags with capacities ranging from 5-50kg.

High-efficiency production: Production speeds of 60-130 bags per minute (depending on bag size).

Precision control: Servo system-controlled cutting with high accuracy.

Versatility: Can produce various types of bags, including standard valve bags, open-bottom bags, handled bottom bags, and paper-plastic composite valve bags.

2. Core Technology Breakdown

(1) Woven Fabric Pre-Treatment System

Automatic edge alignment ensures material centering.

Tension control system maintains stable feeding.

(2) High-Precision Bag-Making System

Servo-driven precision cutting unit.

Innovative bottom-folding technology.

Heat-sealed valve formation.

(3) Intelligent Control System

PLC + touchscreen HMI (human-machine interface).

Automatic production data recording.

Self-diagnostic fault alarm system.

Optional remote monitoring interface.

AI visual defect detection system.

Automatic waste rejection function.

3. Main Application Areas

Fertilizer industry: Packaging for urea, compound fertilizers, organic fertilizers, etc.

Chemical raw materials: Plastic pellets, mineral powders, industrial salts, etc.

Grain processing: Feed, grains, flour, etc.

Building materials: Cement, putty powder, dry mortar, etc.

4. Key Considerations for Purchasing

Production stability and yield: Choose equipment with stable operation, secure heat sealing, and low defect rates.

Patent risks: Opt for independently innovated equipment to avoid legal disputes.

Bag specifications: Confirm the maximum/minimum bag sizes the machine can produce.

Material adaptability: Generally supports PP woven fabrics of different weights.

Automation level: Check if AI visual inspection and automatic waste rejection are included.

After-sales service: Evaluate the manufacturer's technical support and spare parts availability.

5. Industry Development Trends

Smart upgrades: Integration of machine vision inspection systems to improve product quality.

Energy efficiency: Development of low-energy-consumption models to reduce waste.

Flexible production: Quick mold-changing technology for small-batch, multi-variety production.

IoT integration: Equipment networking for remote monitoring and predictive maintenance.

Conclusion

As specialized packaging equipment, the PP woven bottom valve bag making machine directly impacts downstream users' packaging costs and product quality. With the advancement of China's "Made in China 2025" strategy, these machines are evolving toward smarter, more efficient, and more environmentally friendly solutions. For companies with procurement needs, in addition to focusing on the equipment's technical parameters, it is essential to consider the manufacturer's R&D capabilities and service support to ensure optimal performance throughout the machine's lifecycle.

For more details about (GACHN JEENAR) Gachn-Jeenar's PP woven bottom valve bag making machines or purchasing advice, feel free to contact us anytime. We offer professional consulting services.

In the HVAC industry, cooling capacity and system configuration typically follow conventional wisdom. However, a recent 18-ton chiller from H.Stars has stirred attention—not because of its size, but because of its evaporator: a compact yet bold 4-head U-tube design.

At first glance, this may seem over-engineered. But behind this “extra” configuration lies a smart, forward-thinking strategy to boost energy efficiency, enhance reliability, and adapt to complex installation environments.

Breaking the Norm: Multi-Head U-Tube Innovation

Precision Design for Small-Scale Cooling Needs

Redefining Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Smarter Configuration for a New Era of Small-Capacity Efficiency

Introduction

The integrity and durability of packaging materials are crucial in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. The GBN200Z Compression Tester, developed by GBPI, is a high-precision instrument designed to evaluate the compression resistance and burst strength of packaging bags. This advanced equipment complies with GB standards and meets the market's rigorous demands for quality control and research applications.

Importance of Compression Resistance Testing

Packaging materials play a vital role in product protection, preventing contamination, maintaining shelf life, and ensuring consumer safety. One key property of packaging materials is their ability to withstand compression during storage, transportation, and handling. The GBN200Z Compression Tester provides an accurate and reliable method to assess packaging performance, helping manufacturers optimize material selection and improve production quality.

Key Features of GBN200Z

The GBN200Z incorporates state-of-the-art technology to deliver precise and consistent testing results. Some of its notable features include:

High-Precision Compression Control: The tester applies controlled compression to packaging materials, accurately measuring their resistance and burst strength.

Compliance with International Standards: Designed to meet GB standards, ensuring results are relevant and comparable across industries.

User-Friendly Interface: Equipped with an intuitive control panel and digital display for ease of operation.

Versatile Testing Capabilities: Suitable for various types of packaging, including plastic films, laminated materials, and flexible pouches.

Automatic Data Recording: Stores test results for detailed analysis and quality control.

Robust Construction: Built with durable materials to ensure longevity and consistent performance.

Applications Across Industries

The GBN200Z is widely used in multiple sectors where packaging integrity is critical. Below are some of the key industries that benefit from this advanced testing equipment:

Food Packaging: Ensures packaging materials can withstand transportation stress, preventing leaks and contamination.

Pharmaceuticals: Maintains the sterility and integrity of drug packaging, reducing risks associated with damaged containers.

Consumer Goods: Evaluates the strength of flexible pouches and plastic bags used in everyday products.

Quality Inspection & Research: Used in laboratories and testing institutions for material research and compliance testing.

Industrial Packaging: Assesses the durability of packaging materials used for bulk goods and logistics applications.

Medical Device Packaging: Ensures the safety and sterility of medical packaging used for instruments and supplies.

How the GBN200Z Works

The GBN200Z employs a precise testing methodology to measure the compression resistance of packaging materials. The general process includes the following steps:

Sample Preparation: A packaging bag or film sample is placed in the testing chamber.

Compression Application: The tester applies controlled compression to the sample, gradually increasing the force until the material reaches its breaking point.

Data Recording: The device records critical data such as maximum compression resistance and burst strength.

Result Analysis: Test results are displayed on the digital interface and can be exported for further analysis.

Benefits of Using the GBN200Z

The GBN200Z Compression Tester offers numerous advantages for manufacturers and quality control teams:

Enhanced Product Safety: Ensures packaging materials can withstand real-world conditions, reducing failure rates.

Improved Manufacturing Efficiency: Identifies weak points in materials, allowing for optimization and cost reduction.

Regulatory Compliance: Helps businesses meet industry standards and quality assurance requirements.

Data-Driven Quality Control: Provides accurate test data for making informed decisions in packaging development.

Conclusion

The GBN200Z Compression Tester is an essential tool for industries that rely on high-quality packaging materials. With its precise testing capabilities, compliance with GB standards, and user-friendly design, it provides manufacturers and researchers with a reliable solution for evaluating packaging strength. By investing in advanced testing equipment like the GBN200Z, businesses can enhance product safety, reduce defects, and maintain industry compliance, ultimately leading to improved customer satisfaction and brand reputation.

In the world of plastic manufacturing, precision matters. Whether you're producing packaging materials, automotive components, or consumer electronics, understanding how your raw materials behave under heat is essential. One of the most important indicators of a thermoplastic material’s processing performance is its Melt Flow Rate (MFR) or Melt Volume Rate (MVR). This is where the GBB-R Melt Flow Index Tester, developed by Guangzhou Biaoji’s expert R&D team, comes into play.

What Is Melt Flow Rate, and Why Should You Care?

The melt flow rate refers to how easily a thermoplastic polymer flows when melted under specific temperature and load conditions. It's measured by how much material extrudes through a standard die over a given period. This value—expressed as either mass (MFR, g/10min) or volume (MVR, cm³/10min)—can significantly impact the molding and extrusion behavior of the material.

Imagine producing a batch of polypropylene components. If the MFR is too high, the material might flow too quickly, leading to flash or overpacking. Too low, and the mold might not fill properly, causing structural defects. Knowing the exact melt flow rate helps technicians fine-tune their processing parameters, reduce waste, and ensure consistent product quality.

Meet the GBB-R: Precision Meets Reliability

The GBB-R Melt Flow Index Tester is designed in full compliance with standards such as GB/T 3682, ISO 1133, and JB/T 5456. It is suitable for testing a wide range of polymers, including:

Polyethylene (PE)

Polypropylene (PP)

Polystyrene (PS)

ABS resin

Polycarbonate (PC)

Nylon

Fluoroplastics

Acetal resins

The device operates by heating the plastic sample to a specified temperature and applying a standard load. The molten material then flows through a calibrated die, and the machine calculates the flow rate automatically. Both MFR and MVR values can be measured with high repeatability and accuracy.

Who Needs a Melt Flow Index Tester?

The GBB-R is essential for any industry that relies on thermoplastic materials. Its main users include:

Plastic raw material manufacturers: for quality classification and batch consistency

Injection molding factories: to optimize molding parameters and reduce defects

Extrusion and film producers: for continuous quality control during production

Petrochemical companies: for product development and R&D testing

Testing labs and research institutes: for comparative material analysis

In industries like food packaging, pharmaceutical packaging, automotive parts, and consumer goods, the flow behavior of polymers directly influences production speed, product stability, and overall cost efficiency. Having a reliable instrument like the GBB-R gives companies a clear advantage in process control and quality assurance.

Key Benefits at a Glance

Standards-compliant: Fully meets ISO 1133 and GB/T 3682

Wide material compatibility: Suitable for a variety of thermoplastics

Accurate and stable results: Ensures repeatability across different tests

Easy operation: User-friendly interface and automation options

Ideal for both lab and production line: Flexible for different testing scenarios

Final Thoughts

In modern plastic manufacturing, the smallest details make the biggest difference. The melt flow rate of your polymer can determine the success or failure of your production process. Investing in a high-quality, reliable melt flow index tester like the GBB-R not only ensures accurate testing results but also enhances your entire production workflow.

Whether you’re developing new plastic materials or ensuring consistency in daily operations, the GBB-R is the smart choice for manufacturers who value quality and control.

In the fast-paced world of industrial manufacturing and recycling, precision and efficiency are non-negotiable. At HTsorter, we’re leading this transformation with cutting-edge solutions like plastic pellet sorting machines for the recycling industry, optical sorters for plastic granules in manufacturing, and high-speed plastic pellet color sorters for injection molding. These innovations are redefining quality control, sustainability, and profitability across sectors.  

Precision Meets Sustainability  

Traditional sorting methods often struggle with mixed plastics or subtle color variations, leading to material waste and higher costs. Modern optical sorters equipped with AI-driven imaging systems, like those in HTsorter’s plastic pellet color sorters, analyze materials at microscopic levels. By identifying defects or contaminants in real time, these systems ensure only high-quality pellets move forward in production—critical for industries like injection molding, where material consistency directly impacts product integrity.  

Adapting to Complex Recycling Streams  

The recycling industry faces unique challenges, such as sorting black plastics or mixed polymers. HTsorter’s plastic pellet sorting machines integrate near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multi-core image processing to distinguish materials by chemical composition. For example, our systems can separate PET from PVC in mixed waste streams, transforming low-value recyclables into pure, reusable pellets—boosting circular economy goals while reducing landfill dependence.  

Speed Without Compromise  

In high-volume manufacturing, downtime is costly. HTsorter’s high-speed color sorters process up to 6 tons of materials per hour with 99.99% accuracy, thanks to advanced CCD sensors and adaptive air-jet ejectors. This efficiency is vital for injection molding facilities, where rapid material turnover and flawless pellet quality are essential to meet tight production schedules.  

Smart Technology for Smarter Workflows  

Beyond hardware, HTsorter’s machines feature IoT-enabled platforms for remote monitoring and predictive maintenance. Operators can adjust sorting parameters via intuitive interfaces, while cloud-based analytics track performance trends. This adaptability ensures seamless integration into existing production lines, minimizing training time and maximizing ROI.  

Why Industries Trust HTsorter  

- Versatility: From rigid bottles to flexible films, our sorters handle diverse materials.  

- Energy Efficiency: Low-power designs reduce operational costs by up to 30%.  

- Global Support: 24/7 technical assistance ensures uninterrupted workflows.  

Intelligent color sorters are no longer a luxury—they’re a necessity for industries aiming to balance productivity, sustainability, and competitiveness. With HTsorter’s plastic pellet sorting machines, optical sorters, and high-speed systems, businesses can future-proof their operations while contributing to a cleaner, more efficient industrial landscape.  

Selecting the ideal color sorting machine requires balancing precision, adaptability, and industry-specific needs. At HTsorter, our industrial plastic optical sorting solutions are designed to tackle diverse challenges, from recycling streams to high-purity manufacturing demands. Here’s why our systems stand out in a competitive market.  

Precision for Diverse Applications  

Every industry faces unique sorting challenges. For example, in the recycling sector, mixed plastics and black polymers historically posed difficulties. HTsorter’s optical sorters leverage near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and AI-driven imaging to distinguish materials by molecular composition, not just color. This technology ensures accurate separation of PET, PVC, and HDPE with 99.9% efficiency, even in complex waste streams.  

For food-grade plastic recycling, compliance with stringent safety standards is non-negotiable. Our plastic sorting machines for food-grade applications integrate hyperspectral imaging to detect micron-level contaminants, ensuring outputs meet FDA and EU regulations—critical for packaging and medical-grade plastics.  

Speed and Scalability Without Compromise  

High-volume operations demand machines that keep pace. HTsorter’s automated plastic pellet color separation systems process up to 8 tons per hour, thanks to adaptive air-jet ejection and real-time monitoring. This efficiency is vital for industries like injection molding, where downtime translates to lost revenue. Modular designs allow seamless upgrades as production scales, whether for startups or large enterprises.  

Smart Integration for Future-Ready Operations  

Beyond hardware, HTsorter’s IoT-enabled platforms offer remote diagnostics and predictive maintenance, minimizing unplanned downtime. Operators can adjust parameters via user-friendly interfaces, while cloud analytics track performance trends—key for optimizing workflows in dynamic environments.  

Why HTsorter?  

- Compliance-Driven: Built-in protocols ensure outputs meet global safety standards, particularly for sensitive sectors like food and healthcare.  

- Sustainability Focus: Reduce material waste by up to 30% through precise sorting, aligning with circular economy goals.  

- Versatility: From rigid industrial plastics to flexible films, our systems handle diverse materials and shapes.  

- 24/7 Global Support: Technical assistance ensures uninterrupted operations, regardless of location.  

Choosing HTsorter means investing in innovation and reliability. Our solutions don’t just sort materials—they elevate efficiency, compliance, and profitability while contributing to a sustainable industrial future.  

In the world of industrial cooling, scroll air-cooled chillers are spearheading an energy-efficiency revolution. Among them, the newly launched 800kW chiller by H.Stars Group has quickly become a topic of industry discussion. But what qualifies as a “large-scale” unit in this field? Let’s decode the standards of industrial chiller classification from a technical perspective.

1. Understanding Chiller Size Classifications

2. Where Does the 800kW Unit Stand?

3. Compact Design Meets High Power

4. Market Trends: Big Units, Bigger Opportunities

5. Smart Cooling for Industry 4.0

The moisture permeability tester is a professional device used to measure the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of textiles, films, non-woven fabrics and other materials. The following are the standard operating procedures and technical points.

I. Equipment structure and principle

Core components

1. Test chamber: sealed chamber with controllable temperature and humidity (usually divided into dry/wet chamber)

2. Weighing system: high-precision balance (0.001g resolution)

3. Temperature control system: PID precise temperature control (range 20-50℃±0.5℃)

4. Humidity system: saturated salt solution or steam generator

5. Data acquisition: automatic recording of mass changes and temperature and humidity

Test principle

Positive cup method (ISO 2528): water vapor permeation from wet chamber to dry chamber

Inverted cup method (ASTM E96): water vapor absorption from dry chamber to wet chamber

Dynamic method (JIS L1099): determination of water vapor carried by airflow

II. Standard operating procedures

1. Sample preparation

Cut a circular sample with a diameter of ≥70mm (no creases/breaks)

If testing multiple layers of materials, stack them according to the actual use direction

Pretreatment: equilibrate at the test temperature and humidity for 24h (GB/T 12704 requirements)

2. Equipment initialization

1. Turn on the constant temperature water bath (set to 23℃ or 38℃)

2. Prepare saturated salt solution:

Dry environment: Mg(NO₃)₂ (RH≈53%)

High humidity environment: K₂SO₄ (RH≈97%)

3. Calibrate the balance (use standard weights)

3. Sample loading and sealing

1. Fix the sample at the mouth of the test cup:

- Positive cup method: add distilled water (liquid surface 3mm away from the sample)

- Inverted cup method: add desiccant (anhydrous CaCl₂)

2. Press with silicone seal to ensure no side leakage

3. Weigh the initial mass (m₀) to an accuracy of 0.001g

4. Test execution

1. Place the test cup in a constant temperature and humidity chamber

2. Set parameters:

Temperature: 23±1℃ or 38±1℃ (select according to the standard)

Air flow rate: 0.5-1.0m/s (dynamic method needs to be set)

Test interval: 1h/time (static method)

3. Start the test, the system automatically records the mass change (m₁, m₂...mₙ)

5. Data processing

Water vapor permeability meter:

WVTR = (Δm×24)/(A×t) Unit: g/(m²·d)

Δm: mass change (g)

A: effective test area (m²)

t: test time (h)

Example:

If the mass decreases by 0.12g within 24h and the test area is 0.00283m², then:

WVTR = (0.12×24)/0.00283 = 1017.7 g/(m²·d)

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